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George Nicol (1740? – 25 June 1828) was a bookseller and publisher in 18th-century London. In 1781, he became bookseller to George III, a position he held until 1820. In 1785, he published an improved edition of James Cook's third voyage. In 1786, he became involved with John Boydell's Shakespeare Gallery and bore responsibility for the letterpress. He and the others in the project wanted to create a type that would be both utilitarian and beautiful. ==Early life and work== Nicol was born in Scotland, probably in May 1740 (or perhaps in 1741).〔Painting.〕〔Maxted.〕 Around 1769, he moved to London and began working for his uncle, David Wilson at his shop in the Strand.〔〔Burke, 243.〕 Later, the two men became partners.〔 By spring 1773, Nicol had already become sufficiently successful to receive the king's informal commission to purchase books on his behalf. At the sale of the library of James West, president of the Royal Society, fellow booksellers such as John Almon were surprised when Nicol bought almost all available books printed by William Caxton. One remarked that "a Scotchman had lavished away the king's money in buying old black-letter books."〔〔Roberts.〕 In fact, Nicol had instructions from George III not to bid against any buyers who wanted "books of science and ''belles lettres'' for their own progressive or literary pursuits".〔〔 As Nicol's business prospered there were changes to his business partners and premises over time. Initially the business was styled Wilson and Nicol.〔 Both names appeared on the catalogue issued in 1773 to sell the library of Henry Sacheverell.〔 David Wilson died in 1777, and by 1781 Nicol was trading under his own name alone.〔〔 His shop appears to have operated at 441 The Strand from 1778 to 1788.〔 After Wilson's death, Nicol inherited his share in ''The Gazetteer'' and took a close interest in the operation of the newspaper, which published until 1797.〔 In 1779, Nicol was appointed Bookseller to the Great Wardrobe, a royal title he held for three years until the abolition of the Great Wardrobe in 1782.〔 In 1787, Nicol moved his operations west to Pall Mall, purchasing 51 Pall Mall on 26 February 1787 and 58 Pall Mall the same year.〔 He appears to have used No. 51 as his house, and No. 58 as his bookshop. (Later in 1787, John and Josiah Boydell took a lease on 52 Pall Mall for their Shakespeare Gallery.) In 1800, the business was renamed George and William Nicol, presumably to reflect the involvement of George's son.〔 In about 1821, the business operations moved from 58 to 51 Pall Mall.〔 After his father retired in 1825, William continued the business under both names until 1837, and under the name William Nicol alone from 1838 to 1855.〔 From 1839 to 1855, William's business operated from premises at 60 Pall Mall.〔 Among Nicol's many publications were official accounts of government-funded expeditions. These included ''A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean'' (1784), James Cook's log of his explorations, published four years after Cook's death, and the official account in 1795 of George, Earl Macartney's ill-fated Embassy to China.〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「George Nicol (bookseller)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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